片上系统(SoC)开发人员越来越依赖于从不受信任的第三方供应商获得的预先验证的硬件知识产权(IP)块。这些IP可能包含隐藏的恶意功能或硬件特洛伊木马,以损害制造的SOC的安全性。最近,监督机器学习(ML)技术在第三方IPS(3PIPS)中识别潜在特洛伊木马网的蚊帐具有有前途的能力。但是,他们带来了几项重大挑战。首先,他们并没有引导我们最佳选择可靠地涵盖各种特洛伊木马的特点。其次,它们需要多个无特洛伊木马/可信设计来插入已知的特洛伊木马并生成培训的模型。即使一系列可靠的设计可用于培训,嫌疑IP也可能与该集合的可信设计截然不同,这可能会对验证结果产生负面影响。第三,这些技术仅识别一套需要手动干预以了解潜在威胁的嫌疑人的特洛伊木网。在本文中,我们提供了VIPR,一个系统的机器学习(ML)基于3PP的信任验证解决方案,用于消除对培训的可信设计的需求。我们介绍了一个全面的框架,相关算法,以及用于获得最佳特征的刀具流,培训目标机器学习模型,检测嫌疑网,并从嫌疑网识别特洛伊木马电路。我们评估了几种信任集线器特洛伊木马基准测试的框架,并在不同培训的型号,选择功能和后处理技术方面提供了对检测性能的比较分析。所提出的后处理算法将误报可降低至92.85%。
translated by 谷歌翻译
Efficient energy consumption is crucial for achieving sustainable energy goals in the era of climate change and grid modernization. Thus, it is vital to understand how energy is consumed at finer resolutions such as household in order to plan demand-response events or analyze the impacts of weather, electricity prices, electric vehicles, solar, and occupancy schedules on energy consumption. However, availability and access to detailed energy-use data, which would enable detailed studies, has been rare. In this paper, we release a unique, large-scale, synthetic, residential energy-use dataset for the residential sector across the contiguous United States covering millions of households. The data comprise of hourly energy use profiles for synthetic households, disaggregated into Thermostatically Controlled Loads (TCL) and appliance use. The underlying framework is constructed using a bottom-up approach. Diverse open-source surveys and first principles models are used for end-use modeling. Extensive validation of the synthetic dataset has been conducted through comparisons with reported energy-use data. We present a detailed, open, high-resolution, residential energy-use dataset for the United States.
translated by 谷歌翻译
疏散计划是灾难管理的关键部分,其目标是将人员搬迁到安全和减少伤亡。每个疏散计划都有两个基本组件:路由和调度。但是,这两个组件与目标的联合优化,例如最大程度地减少平均疏散时间或疏散完成时间,这是一个计算问题上的问题。为了解决它,我们提出了MIP-LNS,这是一种可扩展的优化方法,将启发式搜索与数学优化结合在一起,并可以优化各种目标函数。我们使用来自德克萨斯州休斯敦的哈里斯县的现实世界道路网络和人口数据,并应用MIP-LNS来查找该地区的疏散路线和时间表。我们表明,在给定的时间限制内,我们提出的方法在平均疏散时间,疏散完成时间和解决方案的最佳保证方面找到了比现有方法更好的解决方案。我们在研究区域进行基于代理的疏散模拟,以证明解决方案的功效和鲁棒性。我们表明,即使撤离人员在一定程度上偏离了建议的时间表,我们的规定疏散计划仍然有效。我们还研究了疏散计划如何受到道路故障的影响。我们的结果表明,MIP-LN可以使用有关道路估计截止日期的信息,以成功,方便地撤离更多人,以提出更好的疏散计划。
translated by 谷歌翻译
最近对基于细粒的基于草图的图像检索(FG-SBIR)的重点已转向将模型概括为新类别,而没有任何培训数据。但是,在现实世界中,经过训练的FG-SBIR模型通常应用于新类别和不同的人类素描器,即不同的绘图样式。尽管这使概括问题复杂化,但幸运的是,通常可以使用一些示例,从而使模型适应新的类别/样式。在本文中,我们提供了一种新颖的视角 - 我们没有要求使用概括的模型,而是提倡快速适应的模型,在测试过程中只有很少的样本(以几种方式)。为了解决这个新问题,我们介绍了一种基于几个关键修改的基于新型的模型 - 静态元学习(MAML)框架:(1)作为基于边缘的对比度损失的检索任务,我们简化了内部循环中的MAML训练使其更稳定和易于处理。 (2)我们的对比度损失的边距也通过其余模型进行了元学习。 (3)在外循环中引入了另外三个正规化损失,以使元学习的FG-SBIR模型对类别/样式适应更有效。在公共数据集上进行的广泛实验表明,基于概括和基于零射的方法的增益很大,还有一些强大的射击基线。
translated by 谷歌翻译
In this paper, we extend scene understanding to include that of human sketch. The result is a complete trilogy of scene representation from three diverse and complementary {modalities} -- sketch, photo, and text. Instead of learning a rigid three-way embedding and be done with it, we focus on learning a flexible joint embedding that fully supports the ``optionality" that this complementarity brings. Our embedding supports optionality on two axis: (i) optionality across modalities -- use any combination of modalities as query for downstream tasks like retrieval, (ii) optionality across tasks -- simultaneously utilising the embedding for either discriminative (e.g., retrieval) or generative tasks (e.g., captioning). This provides flexibility to end-users by exploiting the best of each modality, therefore serving the very purpose behind our proposal of a trilogy at the first place. First, a combination of information-bottleneck and conditional invertible neural networks disentangle the modality-specific component from modality-agnostic in sketch, photo, and text. Second, the modality-agnostic instances from sketch, photo, and text are synergised using a modified cross-attention. Once learned, we show our embedding can accommodate a multi-facet of scene-related tasks, including those enabled for the first time by the inclusion of sketch, all without any task-specific modifications.
translated by 谷歌翻译
我们使用徒手场景草图FS-Coco的第一个数据集将草图研究推向了场景。考虑到实用的应用,我们收集的草图很好地传达了场景内容,但可以在几分钟之内由具有素描技巧的人勾勒出来。我们的数据集包含10,000个徒手场景向量素描,每点时空信息由100个非专家个人提供,提供对象和场景级抽象。每个草图都用文本描述增强。使用我们的数据集,我们首次研究了徒手场景草图和草图标题的细粒度图像检索问题。我们了解以下内容:(i)使用笔触的时间顺序在草图中编码的场景显着性; (ii)从场景草图和图像标题中进行图像检索的性能比较; (iii)素描和图像标题中信息的互补性,以及结合两种方式的潜在优势。此外,我们扩展了一个流行的矢量草图基于LSTM的编码器,以处理比以前的工作所支持的更复杂性的草图。也就是说,我们提出了一个层次草图解码器,我们将其在特定于草图的“预文本”任务中利用。我们的数据集可以首次研究徒手场景素描理解及其实际应用。
translated by 谷歌翻译
在经典曲线图中,给定实值曲线图信号,其曲线图傅里叶变换通常被定义为信号和图表拉普拉斯的每个特征向量之间的内部产品。不幸的是,在矢量值图表信号的情况下,该定义在数学上没有数学上有效,然而,在最先进的图表学习建模和分析中是典型的操作数。因此,寻求向矢量值信号解码的广义转换,因此本文的主要目的是本文的主要目的。探索了几次尝试,并且还发现在邻接等级的分层水平下进行转换,有助于更容易提高信号的光谱特性。拟议的方法被引入为一个新工具,协助图表学习模型的诊断和分析行为。
translated by 谷歌翻译
创意素描或涂鸦是一种表达活动,在那里绘制了想象力和以前看不见的日常视觉物体的描述。创意草图图像生成是一个具有挑战性的视觉问题,任务是生成不同但现实的创意草图,拥有视觉世界对象的看不见的构成。在这里,我们提出了一种新颖的粗待精细的两级框架,DooDleformer,将创意草图生成问题分解成粗略草图组合物的创建,然后在草图中掺入细节。我们介绍了图形感知的变压器编码器,可有效地捕获了不同身体部位之间的全局动态以及局部静态结构关系。为确保所生成的创意草图的多样性,我们介绍了一个概率粗略草图解码器,该解码器明确地模拟了要绘制的每个草图身体部位的变化。在两个创意素描数据集上进行实验:创意鸟类和创意生物。我们的定性,定量和以人为主的评估表明,DooDleformer在两个数据集中表现出最先进的,屈服于现实和多样化的创意草图。在创意生物上,DooDleformer通过最先进的FR`chet unception距离(FID)来实现25的绝对增益。我们还展示了DoodleFormer对创意草图生成和草图完成的相关申请的有效性。
translated by 谷歌翻译
Cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has achieved significant results, most notably by leveraging the representation-learning abilities of deep neural networks. However, large centralized approaches quickly become infeasible as the number of agents scale, and fully decentralized approaches can miss important opportunities for information sharing and coordination. Furthermore, not all agents are equal -- in some cases, individual agents may not even have the ability to send communication to other agents or explicitly model other agents. This paper considers the case where there is a single, powerful, \emph{central agent} that can observe the entire observation space, and there are multiple, low-powered \emph{local agents} that can only receive local observations and are not able to communicate with each other. The central agent's job is to learn what message needs to be sent to different local agents based on the global observations, not by centrally solving the entire problem and sending action commands, but by determining what additional information an individual agent should receive so that it can make a better decision. In this work we present our MARL algorithm \algo, describe where it would be most applicable, and implement it in the cooperative navigation and multi-agent walker domains. Empirical results show that 1) learned communication does indeed improve system performance, 2) results generalize to heterogeneous local agents, and 3) results generalize to different reward structures.
translated by 谷歌翻译